How to Become an Accountant: Education, Certification, and Experience

Choosing a career in accounting offers a stable and rewarding professional path. Accountants play a critical role in organizations, ensuring financial accuracy and compliance with regulations.

Their expertise is essential for strategic decision-making, investment planning, and fiscal responsibility.

Understanding the steps to enter this vital field can help you make informed decisions about your education and career trajectory.

Educational Pathways

Embarking on a career in accounting begins with a solid educational foundation. Various academic routes can prepare you for this profession, each offering unique benefits and opportunities.

Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting

The most common starting point is obtaining a bachelor’s degree in accounting. This typically involves a four-year program where students delve into fundamental subjects such as financial accounting, managerial accounting, taxation, and auditing. These programs often include coursework in business law, economics, and information systems, providing a well-rounded understanding of the business environment. Many universities also offer internship opportunities, allowing students to gain practical experience and build professional networks before graduating.

Alternative Degrees and Majors

While a bachelor’s degree in accounting is the traditional route, other degrees can also pave the way for an accounting career. Degrees in finance, business administration, or economics often include significant coursework in accounting principles and practices. Some students may choose to double major or pursue a minor in accounting to enhance their qualifications. Additionally, pursuing a master’s degree in accounting or a related field can further deepen your knowledge and improve job prospects, particularly for roles in management or specialized areas of accounting.

Online Education Options

With the rise of digital learning, online education has become a viable option for aspiring accountants. Many accredited institutions now offer online bachelor’s and master’s programs in accounting. These programs provide flexibility for students who may be working or have other commitments, allowing them to study at their own pace. Online courses often include interactive modules, virtual classrooms, and access to digital resources, ensuring that students receive a comprehensive education. Additionally, some programs offer hybrid models, combining online coursework with in-person sessions to facilitate hands-on learning and networking opportunities.

Certification Requirements

After completing your educational journey, obtaining professional certifications can significantly enhance your career prospects in accounting. These credentials demonstrate your expertise and commitment to the field, often leading to better job opportunities and higher salaries.

Certified Public Accountant (CPA)

The Certified Public Accountant (CPA) designation is one of the most recognized and respected certifications in the accounting profession. To become a CPA, candidates must pass the Uniform CPA Examination, which is administered by the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA). The exam covers four sections: Auditing and Attestation, Business Environment and Concepts, Financial Accounting and Reporting, and Regulation. In addition to passing the exam, candidates must meet specific education and experience requirements, which vary by state. Typically, this includes completing 150 semester hours of college coursework and gaining one to two years of professional experience under the supervision of a licensed CPA. Maintaining the CPA designation also requires ongoing continuing education to stay current with industry standards and regulations.

Certified Management Accountant (CMA)

The Certified Management Accountant (CMA) certification is ideal for accountants who focus on financial management and strategic planning within organizations. Offered by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), the CMA credential requires passing a two-part exam that covers topics such as financial planning, performance, control, and decision analysis. Candidates must also hold a bachelor’s degree and have at least two years of professional experience in management accounting or financial management. The CMA certification emphasizes skills in financial analysis, budgeting, and internal control, making it particularly valuable for those aspiring to leadership roles in corporate finance. Like the CPA, maintaining the CMA designation requires ongoing professional development and adherence to ethical standards.

Certified Internal Auditor (CIA)

For those interested in internal auditing, the Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) certification is a globally recognized credential offered by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). The CIA exam consists of three parts: Essentials of Internal Auditing, Practice of Internal Auditing, and Business Knowledge for Internal Auditing. Candidates must have a bachelor’s degree and at least two years of internal auditing experience or its equivalent. The CIA certification focuses on internal audit practices, risk management, and governance processes, equipping professionals with the skills needed to assess and improve organizational operations. Earning the CIA designation can open doors to advanced positions in internal audit departments and enhance your ability to contribute to organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Continuing education is also required to maintain the CIA certification, ensuring that auditors stay updated with the latest industry practices and standards.

Gaining Practical Experience

While education and certification lay the groundwork for a career in accounting, practical experience is crucial for developing the skills and insights needed to excel in the profession. Engaging in hands-on work allows aspiring accountants to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios, build professional networks, and enhance their resumes.

Internships

Internships provide an invaluable opportunity for students and recent graduates to gain firsthand experience in the accounting field. These positions, often available through accounting firms, corporations, and government agencies, allow interns to work alongside experienced professionals, participate in day-to-day operations, and tackle real accounting tasks. Internships can range from a few months to a year and often lead to full-time job offers upon completion. Additionally, internships help students build a professional network, gain references, and develop a deeper understanding of various accounting roles and industries. Many universities have partnerships with local businesses to facilitate internship placements, making it easier for students to find relevant opportunities.

Entry-Level Positions

Starting in an entry-level position is another effective way to gain practical experience. Roles such as staff accountant, junior auditor, or accounts payable/receivable clerk provide a solid foundation in accounting practices and procedures. These positions typically involve tasks like preparing financial statements, reconciling accounts, and assisting with audits. Working in an entry-level role allows new accountants to learn from seasoned colleagues, understand the workflow of an accounting department, and gradually take on more complex responsibilities. Over time, this experience can lead to promotions and more specialized roles within the organization. Entry-level positions also offer a chance to explore different areas of accounting, helping individuals identify their interests and career goals.

Volunteering and Freelance Work

For those looking to gain experience outside of traditional employment, volunteering and freelance work can be excellent alternatives. Nonprofit organizations, community groups, and small businesses often seek volunteer accountants to help with financial management, budgeting, and tax preparation. Volunteering not only provides practical experience but also allows individuals to give back to their communities and build a diverse portfolio of work. Similarly, freelance accounting offers flexibility and the opportunity to work with a variety of clients. Freelancers can take on projects such as bookkeeping, financial consulting, and tax services, gaining exposure to different industries and business models. Both volunteering and freelance work can enhance your resume, expand your professional network, and demonstrate your initiative and versatility to potential employers.